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Xenosaurus rackhami STUART, 1941

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Higher TaxaXenosauridae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Rackham’s Knob-scaled Lizard
S: Xenosauro de Collar 
SynonymXenosaurus grandis rackhami STUART 1941
Xenosaurus rackhami — STUART 1963
Xenosaurus grandis rackhami — LYNCH & SMITH 1965: 171
Xenosaurus grandis rackhami — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008
Xenosaurus rackhami — BHULLAR 2011
Xenosaurus rackhami — WOOLRICH-PIÑA & SMITH 2012
Xenosaurus rackhami — NIETO-MONTES DE OCA et al. 2022 
DistributionMexico (Oaxaca, highlands of CE Chiapas), Guatemala

Type locality: Finca Volcán, 49 km east of Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, 4000 feet.  
Reproductionviviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: UMMZ 89072 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 578 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: see maps in WOOLRICH-PIÑA & SMITH 2012 and Nieto-Montes de Oca et al. 2022: 48 (Fig. 6). 
EtymologyNamed after Horace H. Rackham (1858-1933), a Detroit lawyer who invested $5,000 in Henry Ford's new venture to build "horseless carriages." Ford bought out minority shareholders (1919), and Rackham's $5,000 turned into $12.5 million on top of the $2 million in dividends he had already been paid. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Ballinger, R.E., G.R. Smith, and J.A. Lemos-Espinal 2000. Xenosaurus (Gray) Knob-scaled Lizards. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (712): 1-3 - get paper here
  • Ballinger,R.E.,J.A.Lemos-Espinal, and G.R. Smith 2000. Xenosaurus grandis (Gray) Knob-scaled Lizard. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (713): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Barrows, Shirley;Smith, Hobart M. 1947. The skeleton of the lizard Xenosaurus grandis (Gray). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 31 (12): 227-281 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bhullar, B-A. S. 2011. The Power and Utility Of Morphological Characters In Systematics: A Fully Resolved Phylogeny of Xenosaurus and Its Fossil Relatives (Squamata: Anguimorpha). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 160 (3): 65–181 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Camarillo R., José L. 1990. Xenosaurus grandis en el Estado de Hidalgo, México. Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 2 (2): 17-18 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1867. Fifth contribution lo the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18 [1866]: 317-323 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1856. Notice of a new species of nocturnal lizard from Mexico. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (2) 18: 270 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Haas, Georg 1960. On the trigeminus muscles of the lizards Xenosaurus grandis and Shinisaurus crocodilurus. American Museum novitates (2017) - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • King, F. W., & THOMPSON, F. G. 1968. A review of the American lizards of the genus Xenosaurus Peters. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 12: 93-123. - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Lynch, John D.; Smith, Hobart M. 1965. A new species of Xenosaurus (Reptilia: Xenosauridae) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 68 (1): 163-172 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Nieto-Montes de Oca, Adrián; Nicté Castresana-Villanueva, Luis Canseco-Márquez & Jonathan A. Campbell 2022. A New Species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from the Sierra de Juárez of Oaxaca, Mexico Herpetologica 78(1): 40–50. - get paper here
  • Nieto-Montes de Oca, Adrián; Uri O. García-Vázquez, J. Jaime Zúñiga-Vega and Walter Schmidt-Ballardo 2013. A new species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve of Querétaro, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84: 485-498 - get paper here
  • Pérez Ramos, Edmundo; Lucia Saldaña de la Riva; Jonathan A. Campbell 2000. A new allopatric species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from Guerrero, Mexico. Herpetologica 56 (4): 500-506 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1861. Eine neue Gattung von Eidechsen, Xenosaurus fasciatus aus Mexico. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1861 (April): 453-454 - get paper here
  • Phillips, C.A. 2003. HERPETOLOGICAL TYPE-SPECIMENS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: AN UPDATE TO THE PRIMARY TYPES. [type catalogue] University of Illinois Museum of Natural History, 17 pp.
  • Stuart, L. C. 1948. The amphibians and reptiles of Alta Verapaz Guatamala. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 69: 1-109 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L.C. 1963. A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (No. 122): 1-150 - get paper here
  • Stuart,L.C. 1941. A new species of Xenosaurus from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 47-48. - get paper here
  • Werler, John E. & Shannon, Frederick A. 1961. Two new lizards (genera Abronia and Xenosaurus) from the Los Tuxtlas Range of Veracruz, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 64 (2): 123-132 - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A. and Geoffrey R. Smith 2012. A New Species of Xenosaurus from the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico. Herpetologica 68 (4): 551-559. - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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